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The base Thai red curry paste (Thai: พริกแกงเผ็ด, RTGS: phrik kaeng phet) is traditionally made with a mortar and pestle, and remains moist throughout the preparation process. The red coloring is derived from dry red spur chillies (Thai: พริกแห้งเม็ดใหญ่, RTGS: phrik haeng met yai) – which is dried phrik chi fa red chilies. The main ingredients include (dried) red chili peppers, garlic, shallots, galangal, shrimp paste, salt, makrut lime leaves, coriander root, coriander seeds, cumin seeds, peppercorns and lemongrass.[1] Today, the prepared Thai red curry pastes are available at markets produced in mass quantities, and also available in bottles and jars produced by some brands.

The name green curry derives from the color of the dish, which comes from green chilies.[1] The "sweet" in the Thai name (หวาน, wan means 'sweet') refers to the particular color green itself and not to the taste of the curry.[2] As this is a Thai curry based on coconut milk and fresh green chilies, the color comes out creamy mild green or, as this color is called in Thai, 'sweet green' (เขียวหวาน, khiao-wan).[3]

Its ingredients are not exactly fixed. The curry is not necessarily sweeter than other Thai curries, but although the spiciness varies, it tends to be more pungent than the milder red curries.[3] Green curry evolved during the reign of King Rama VI or Rama VII, between the years 1908–1926.